Haemorrhage and infection can be severe enough to cause death. Immediate complications include severe pain, shock, haemorrhage, tetanus or infection, urine retention, ulceration of the genital region and injury to adjacent tissue, wound infection, urinary infection, fever, and septicemia. Complications may occur in all types of FGM, but are most frequent with infibulation. The effects of FGM depend on a number of factors, including the type performed, the expertise of the practitioner, the hygiene conditions under which it is performed, the amount of resistance and the general health condition of the girl/woman undergoing the procedure. How does FGM affect the health of women and girls?įGM has serious implications for the sexual and reproductive health of girls and women. UNFPA estimates that due to COVID-19, two million cases of FGM could occur over the next decade that would otherwise have been averted, resulting in a 33 per cent reduction in progress towards ending FGM practice. The pandemic has further entrenched gender inequalities, economic disparities and health risks faced by women and girls, and disrupted prevention programmes for the elimination of FGM and other harmful practices. In 20, COVID-19 compounded the vulnerability of girls and women, especially those at risk of FGM. In 2019, it was estimated that 4.1 million girls were at risk of FGM. This number of girls cut each year is projected to rise to 4.6 million girls in the year 2030. This is especially important considering that FGM-concentrated countries are generally experiencing high population growth and have large youth populations.
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If FGM practices continue at recent levels, 68 million girls will be cut between 20 in 25 countries where FGM is routinely practiced and more recent data are available.Ī key challenge is not only protecting girls who are currently at risk but also ensuring that those to be born in the future will be free from the dangers of the practice.
It is also practiced among migrant populations throughout Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. Girls and women who have undergone FGM live predominately in sub-Saharan Africa and the Arab States, but FGM is also practiced in select countries in Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America. How many women and girls are affected?Īn estimated 200 million girls and women alive today are believed to have been subjected to FGM but rates of FGM are increasing, a reflection of global population growth. Which international and regional instruments can be referenced for the elimination of FGM? What is female genital mutilation (FGM)?įGM refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for cultural or other non-medical reasons. What does the ICPD Programme of Action say about FGM? Isn’t it safer for FGM to be performed by a skilled health worker rather than by somebody without a medical background? What does the term “medicalization of FGM” mean? What is the link between FGM and ethnicity?
Since FGM is part of a cultural tradition, can it still be condemned?ĭoes anyone have the right to interfere in age-old cultural traditions such as FGM? What instruments are used to perform FGM? Why are there different terms to describe FGM, such as female genital cutting and female circumcision? What are the psychological effects of FGM? Is there a link between FGM and the risk of HIV infection? What are the consequences for childbirth? How does FGM affect the health of women and girls? FGM is practiced in communities around the world, but data have not been systematically collected in many of these communities. It is not an exhaustive illustration of FGM prevalence globally. The above dashboard shows FGM prevalence in the 17 countries where the UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation operates.
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